Top US officials on Wednesday blasted China's major expansion of rare earth export controls as a threat to global supply chains, but said Beijing could still change course and avoid steps by Washington to decouple from the world's second-largest economy.

US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer told a press conference that China's new export restrictions were a "global supply-chain power grab" and the US and its allies would not accept the restrictions, but he and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent stressed that Washington did not want to escalate the conflict, which has roiled financial markets and sent US-China relations into a tailspin.

As of last night, US President Donald Trump was still expecting to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping in South Korea later this month, Bessent said.

Greer told reporters that China has not yet implemented the revised regulatory system for rare earths and could still back away, just as the US had not implemented a retaliatory 100% increase in tariffs on Chinese imports.

"These are drafted, or in draft, so it's quite real, but our expectation is that they won't implement this and that we'll be able to be back to where we were a week ago where we had the tariff levels we've agreed to and we have the flow of rare earths that we agreed to," Greer said.

US officials frustrated by China's actions

The two countries appeared poised to return to an all-out trade war late last week, after China on Thursday announced the rare earth measures. Trump responded on Friday by threatening to raise tariffs on Chinese goods by 100%.

Bessent, Greer and other officials have sought to get US-China ties back on track this week, emphasizing their desire to avoid escalation in a series of interviews.

Greer and Bessent, who have met personally with senior Chinese officials four times in four different cities in recent months, expressed deep frustration about China's actions, which threaten to upend global supply chains.

Bessent said US and Chinese officials, in Washington for the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, were in close touch to set up the Trump-Xi meeting, adding that it was the level of trust between the two leaders that had prevented a further escalation of the trade conflict.

The U.S. does not want to decouple from China, but would have to take action if Beijing proved to be an unreliable supplier, Bessent said, noting that Chinese officials recently told U.S. auto companies that a slowdown in shipments of rare earth magnets was "probably something" to do with a holiday.

"Not only is China fueling Russia's war (in Ukraine), but China's actions have once again demonstrated the risk of being dependent on them, on rare earths and for that matter, anything," Bessent said, adding, "If China wants to be an unreliable partner to the world, then the world will have to decouple."

He said Washington had further measures it could deploy, including export controls, if Beijing proceeded, and was also ready to tariff China over its purchases of Russian oil, as long as European partners joined in. The US has slapped additional tariffs on India over its smaller purchases of Russian oil, but has refrained for now from taking action against China.

Members of the Group of Seven advanced economies are expected to discuss the issue during a meeting later on Wednesday on the sidelines of the IMF-World Bank meetings.

"While there are substantial actions we can take, we'd rather not. I believe China's open to discussion and I am optimistic that this can be de-escalated," Bessent said.

The US would also produce photographs supplied by the Ukrainian government that showed Chinese parts were used in Russian drones operating in Ukraine, Bessent said through a spokesperson.

Earlier on Wednesday, the Treasury secretary told a CNBC event that China had clearly intended to take action "all along," rejecting Beijing's claim that the actions were a response to US actions, including higher port fees for Chinese ships.

He told CNBC that a lower-level Chinese trade official had threatened as early as August to "unleash chaos on the global system" if the US went ahead with the port fee increases.

Bessent named the official as Li Chenggang, China's chief trade negotiator and a subordinate of Vice Premier He Lifeng, who has participated in all the US-China talks.