How does the pre-1936 economy of Orissa compare with today’s economy?

There have been many improvements in the state economy. In 1936, Orissa's budget was Rs 1 lakh. Today, it stands at Rs 2.40 lakh crore. By and large, there have been some improvements in per capita income, education, health and sanitation. Literacy rate has also gone up. However, Orissa's economy is still lagging behind, compared to other states.

How has economic liberalisation impacted Orissa?

Economic liberalisation has not impacted Orissa much. In case of India as a whole, private sector has become vigorous. But where is private sector in Orissa? We have not been able to create any entrepreneur, who can change Orissa's economy.

Orissa has been complaining of being a victim of low royalty of coal and other minerals. What do you think of this in the context of Independent India?

Mineral-rich states such as, Orissa, should get more share of revenue. The royalty rate should be revised.

The present government as well as previous ones have been accused of selling away Orissa's minerals to private industries at a throwaway price. Do you agree?

Yes, the government should not provide mineral resources to the private industries so cheap.

Industrialisation versus mineral resource has been a long debate in Orissa. Many feel that the state's mineral resources ought to be preserved for posterity while going ahead with industrialisation. Is it possible to strike a balance?

Of course, mineral-based industries are needed for value addition to Orissa's mineral resources. But we should not go on exploiting the mineral reserves indiscriminately without preserving for the future. A proper and rational planning should be made.

Industrialisation at break-neck speed has raised the issue of displacement in a big way. In Orissa, it is becoming increasingly difficult to set up an industry without causing massive displacement. What is your take on this issue?

The state government should set apart some areas for mega industries where plenty of land is available. The government should ensure that the displaced families are properly rehabilitated and get alternative livelihood. There should be greater emphasis on establishment of manufacturing and agro-based industries as these have huge employment potential and do not displace large number of people.

What is your vision of Orissa as an economist?

Lesser people should depend on agriculture. At the same time, agricultural productivity should be increased through diversification of cropping pattern and farm mechanisation. Fisheries, poultry, horticulture and prawn cultivation should be encouraged. Both physical and social infrastructure should be developed to attract entrepreneurs to set up industries. More emphasis should be given on technical education to improve employability. We have to eliminate corruption, infuse more accountability and improve the delivery system.

As told to Subrat Das