Pure pleasure?

London, May 2: Chocolate may inspire cravings but it is neither addictive nor an anti-depressant. Addicts have long consoled themselves with the belief that it is cheaper than therapy and you don’t need an appointment.

But, say Gordon Parker and colleagues from the Black Dog Institute in Sydney, a thorough review of the scientific evidence fails to substantiate that belief.

Far from lifting a bad mood, eating chocolate may prolong it, the team says in the Journal of Affective Disorders.

That’s enough to induce a bad mood on its own.

“Any mood-state effects of chocolate are as ephemeral as holding a chocolate in one’s mouth,” Parker says.

Many claims have been made for chocolate’s healthy properties, attributed to a range of pharmacologically active constituents such as serotonin, theobromine, phenylethylamine, caffeine and magnesium. Italian researchers have even claimed that women who enjoy chocolate have a better sex life than those who don’t.

“Chocolate is not like a food, it is like a drug,” Andrea Salonia, from San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, has asserted.

Parker offers a more prosaic view. He distinguishes between food cravings, emotional eating, and actual measurements of mood.

“Chocolate can provide its own emotional pleasure by satisfying cravings, but when consumed as a comfort eating or emotional eating strategy, is more likely to be associated with prolongation rather than cessation of a depressed mood,” he said. The team cites some key experiments done by others.

For example, most of the chocolate ingredients said to have mood-altering properties are found in higher levels in other foods that do not cause cravings.

And when cravers are offered a choice of milk or plain chocolate, white chocolate or cocoa powder, they go for milk chocolate, although it contains much lower levels of the supposedly psychoactive ingredients than plain chocolate. The unique appeal of chocolate, the team concludes, is its “melt-in-the-mouth” quality, which it owes to cocoa butter with its low melting point.

The other claims made for it do not stand up. “For most people, chocolate invokes anticipatory and consummatory pleasure, and is therefore an indulgence,” the team concludes.